- What is Android
Android ek mobile operating system hai jise Google ne develop kiya hai. Android ko mainly touchscreen mobile devices jaise smartphone aur tablet ke liye design kiya gya hai. Lekin aajkal android TV, Android Smart Watch or Android based smart TV bhi aane lage hain.
Android Operating system (OS) Linux kernal ke modified version aur dusre open source software pe based hai. Open source hone ki wajah se developers ise har Phone ke liye modify aur customize kar sakte hai. Yahi wajah hai ke hume different Android phone me same OS hone ke baad bhi different graphical user interfaces (GUI) dekhne ko milta hai.
Android ko October 2003 me Silicon Valley company ne Android Inc ke naam se develop kiya tha jise 2005 me Google ne kharid liya. 5 November 2007 me Android ko public kiya aur September 2008 me Android ka pahla commercial Android device launch hua. Tab se lekar abtak is operating system me kayi major releases aa chuke hai aur abhi ka version 9 “Pie” hai jise August 2018 me release kiya agya hai.
Android Phones bahut saare built-in applications ke sath aate hai aur third-party applications ko bhi support karte hai. Developers
free Android software developer kit (SDK) ki help se Android program bana sakte hai. Android programs Java language me likhe jate hai aur Java virtual machine (JVM) ki help se ise Run kiya jata hai.
Android Platform
Java me code likhe hone ke bawajood Adroid me Java Development Machine (JDM) platform ka use nahi kiya jata hai. Java program ko run karne ke liye Google ne virtual machine Dalvik develop kiya tha. Dalvik java code ko recompile karne ke baad ise Dalvik bytecode me read karta hai. Aur phir ise mobile phone aur tablet ke liye limited memory aur CPU power jaise environment me battery power aur functionality ko maintain rakhne ke liye optimize kiya jata hai.
Lollipop 5.0 ke update me Java Dalvik runtime engine ko Android runtime engine se replace kiya gya. Uske bad Marshmallow 6.0 update me Java open source runtime version ko Apache Harmon se replace kiya gya. Aur abtak ke Android version me isi platform ka use kiya ja raha hai.
Android Versions
Android ke abtak bahut saare version aa chuke hai. Har naya version ka motive nayi functionality ke sath user experience ko aur behtar banana hai. To ye hai Android ke major updates jo abtak aa chuke hai.
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Version 1.0/1.1 – September 2008
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Cupcake 1.5 – April 2009
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Donut 1.6 – September 2009
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Eclair 2.0/2.1 – October 2009
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Froyo 2.2 – May 2010
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Gingerbread 2.3 – December 2010
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Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0 – October 2011
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Jelly Bean 4.1 – August 2012
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Jelly Bean 4.2 – November 2012
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Jelly Bean 4.3 – July 2013
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KitKat 4.4 (formerly Key Lime Pie) – October 2013
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Lollipop 5.0 – December 2014
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Marshmallow 6.0 – 2015
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Nougat 7.0 – 2016
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Oreo 8.0 – 2017
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Pie 9.0 – 2018
Android Processors
Smartphone ka performance uske processor pe depend karta hai. Processor kisi bhi device ka brain hota hai jo device me hardware and software ke sabhi functions aur performance ko control karta hai. Android device ke liye bahut se processors use kiye jate hai par jo processor commonly sabhi Android device me use kiya jata hai wo hai
Qualcomm Snapdragon
Mediatek Processors
Samsung Exynos
Samsung Exynos